Rice is a popular grain that is a staple of many people’s diets, especially those in Asia. White rice is the more widely consumed type; however, many have turned to brown rice as the healthier option. There are certainly differences between these two types of rice. Both are mostly composed of carbohydrates, with little protein and little fat. Brown rice has about 30 less calories per serving than white rice, but this small caloric difference is marked by other factors that differentiate which rice becomes the healthier choice.
BROWN RICE
Brown rice is a whole grain. This means that it still has all its grains (fibrous bran, nutritious germ, and endosperm). It also contains vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, and fiber. For example, 100 grams of brown rice contains 1.8 grams of fiber. It also contains high amounts of magnesium. Both nutrients help control blood sugar. It also contains a plant compound called lignan which helps protect against heart disease. Lignans lower blood pressure, reduce the amount of fat in the blood, and decrease inflammation. Brown rice does contain phytic acid, which is known for impeding the body’s ability to absorb other nutrients including iron and zinc. Phytic acid is known as the “antinutrient”. Brown rice also contains arsenic, which is a toxic heavy metal. Arsenic is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes, cancer, and heart disease.
WHITE RICE
The bran and germ are removed from white rice, making it no longer a whole grain. Bran and germ are the most nutritious part of a grain. White rice is also associated with empty calories due to its lack of nutrients. Unlike most grains, this rice lacks fiber (100 grams = 0.4 grams of fiber). Eating large amounts of white rice has been associated with an increased risk for diabetes. It is high on the glycemic (GI) index, so it does quickly increase blood sugar. On the GI index, brown rice is 50 whereas white rice is 89.
Sticking to ½ cup which is one serving of rice is no easy feat for rice consumers. It just pairs so well with well….everything. When it comes to which type of rice is better for their health, all taste opinions aside, brown rice is the winner. In fact, there wasn’t much to say about white rice because it is just an empty carbohydrate. There’s always a catch, right? The more informed you are the better choices and tools you have to make for your health. Feeling full when we eat should be from foods that are nutritionally packed and beneficial to our bodies, versus just filling ourselves up for pleasure and to suppress hunger.
When we hear of someone being diagnosed with cancer, the cancer is described as in a certain stage. Medical professionals “stage” cancer to describe the size and location of the tumor(s). This can be intimidating having a number/label associated with your condition, but it is necessary for determining treatment for what is going to happen moving forward. Not every type of cancer, such as brain cancer or leukemia, has stages. Cancer cells can grow and spread (metastasize), so this complex, complicated, and an evolving illness, so cancer not easy to treat.
There are different systems used to stage cancer.
- FIGO system – This applies to cancers affecting the female reproductive system such as cervical or ovarian.
- Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) system – This is used to stage solid tumors which would include lung, colon, breast, bladder, and prostate. T is the primary tumor. Small tumors are stage I and larger ones are stage II. They range from T0 to T4. N is for nodes and nodes are how cancer moves through the body. Nodes are classified from N0 to N3. N0 would mean the cancer hasn’t spread to other areas. The range is based on the number of lymph node’s locations and how many lymph nodes are carrying cancer. M is for metastasis, and this is when the cancer has spread all over and beyond just lymph nodes. When diagnosed as MI this means the cancer has spread. Using the TNM information, tumors are then placed in stages. This system would look like the following:
Stage I – Smaller tumors are T1 – T2 and haven’t spread to lymph nodes (N) nor to other areas M0.
Stage II – These tumors are larger T2-T4 and haven’t spread to nearby lymph nodes (N) or other areas of your body M0.
Stage III – These are larger tumors T1-T4 that have spread to lymph nodes N1-N3 but not to other areas in the body M0.
Stage IV – This is metastatic, so the cancer has spread the original tumor to other areas T1-T4, N1-N3, M1.
- Lugano – This is used specifically for Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
There are other ways to classify cancer other than staging. Some professionals use tumor grades, Gx – G4, that are microscopically looked at in order to see the difference between normal and cancerous cells. There are other terms used as well including in situ, localized, regional, and distant. This ranges from haven’t spread (in situ) to having spread all over (distant).
Examinations are done to determine stages. A biopsy looks at tissue samples. An endoscopy is done by using a thin tube to look at organs so the interior of the cancer can be seen. A CT scan (computed tomography) can detect the cancer early and find the location Blood test find tumor markers that can identify the number of cancer cells and their size. A PET scan (positron emission tomography) looks to see the tumors have spread.
Every case of cancer is different, but these stages are the medical approach to steer treatment in the most effective way possible. There are trials and there are attempts that don’t always work, but staying hopeful and following care guidelines is the best way to work through the adversities of a cancer diagnosis.
When your muscle suddenly becomes hard and tight or you feel a quick sharp pain in the calf, a muscle cramp has struck. It can happen while in motion when out for a run or even during a night’s sleep. This type of involuntary contraction is a spasm we would rather forgo. Without warning, the onset of a “Charley horse” (cramp that occurs in the calf area), is marked by temporary pain that we want instant relief from. Cramps are never fun to endure, and one just has to breathe through it, stretch, and massage out the area until alleviation kicks in.
There are a number of triggers that can cause muscle cramps. In order to avoid future spasms, knowing the causes becomes important. A cramp can be the result of poor blood circulation. Exercise related stress can bring on a cramp. Being dehydrated or deficient in magnesium and/or potassium, can be causes. Hot temperature is also a culprit, especially when being active. Not stretching enough can also lead to cramping. There are also medications that can lead to cramping. These include diuretics, certain Alzheimer’s medications, statin medications for cholesterol, as well as some osteoporosis and high blood pressure medications. Nerve compression can also cause a pinch that produces a cramp. Muscle mass lessens with age so what muscle is working may be more stressed than normal and overworked much more easily which can cause cramping. Muscle cramps are common during pregnancy as the body is undergoing a lot of changes. Certain medical conditions like diabetes, liver, or thyroid disorder can also heighten the risks of cramping.
Prevention includes staying hydrated, properly stretching, and making sure to eat healthy foods with nutrients. These include vitamins, minerals, potassium, and calcium. Potassium is found in many choices including vegetables, bananas, berries, potatoes, melon, citrus, meat, fish, and milk. Caffeine found in coffee, soda, and other beverages does affect fluid hydration in the body so be sure to replenish with water. Exercise and activity that lasts over 60 minutes can lead to glycogen depletion which can lead to fatigue which can lead to cramps.
Although only a temporary sensation and typically harmless, an unexpected bout of pain never feels good. It is important to seek a doctor’s help if these cramps are reoccurring or persistent. A nutrient imbalance may not be readily noticeable. Finding the cause can help avoid future incidences. Muscle cramps happen to almost everyone, few and far in between, but when they strike, they aren’t forgotten. Less is more when it comes to “Charley horses”.
Aspirin is a salicylate (derived from a plant) and is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The earliest uses of this drug date back to the Greek physician Hippocrates in the 5th century B.C. He used a powder extracted from willow’s bark. It works by blocking a certain natural substance in your body to reduce pain and swelling. Today you can walk into almost any store and purchase this product. Almost anyone and everyone has used it, but when it comes to kids, it is important to consult your doctor before treating a child younger than 12 years. Aspirin is a home remedy or doctor prescribed treatment for so many different purposes. It’s that easy remedy we turn to first at the sight of pain or discomfort. Aspirin is the fixer upper solution to many conditions. The most common uses include trying to reduce a fever, making a headache go away, reducing pain and swelling, and to helping alleviate symptoms of a cold. Aspirin is also a blood thinner. Often a doctor will prescribe its use to help prevent blood clots. This is especially true prior to surgery, when a doctor might prescribe a low dose of aspirin to help ward off blood clots in the process. This can also help with the prevention of heart attacks, strokes, and help reduce chest pain. A doctor might recommend the daily use of aspirin as a preventative method.
It is used to aid muscle and tooth aches. When taking at your own will, always read and follow the directions. The dosage is dependent upon the condition, but it is important to not exceed amounts outside of the recommended directions within a 24-hour period. Everyone’s body responds differently to aspirin, but some of the less serious side effects include heartburn and an upset stomach. More serious side effects include kidney problems, vomiting, bruising, bleeding, ringing in the ears, dizziness, or feeling constantly tired. It is always important to consult a doctor at the first indication of any of these adverse effects. It is important to avoid aspirin if the person has a bleeding disorder, particularly stomach or intestinal bleeding. Aspirin poisoning is one of the common forms of accidental poisoning in children. Inappropriate dosages for children and elderly cause this poisoning too. The first signs of poisoning include ringing in the ears, rapid breathing, and dehydration.
Aspirin is a drug, and it is always important to address any medical attention that goes beyond the scope of self-care with a doctor. Aspirin seems to fix any symptom, but only temporarily. Listen to the body and when over the counter isn’t effective, a doctor should be advised. Pain is not meant to last, but don’t keep masking. Take aspirin as needed in the advised amount and it may just fix what needed a little attention.
The most dangerous and potent type of opioid is fentanyl. It is a type of pain reliever that is actually 50 more stronger than heroin and 100 times more intense than morphine. Unfortunately, there has been a rise in accidental overdose rates and death. It is a prescription drug that is known by the names Submilmaze, Actiq, and Duregesic. These can come in the form of a patch, shot, or sometimes as a throat lozenge. On the streets, in an illegal manner, it can be sold as a powder or pill in synthetic form. It is sometimes called Goodfellas, Apache, Poison, China Girl, and Great Bear. Users like fentanyl because of the pain relief it provides in addition to feelings of euphoria and relaxation.
Medically, fentanyl is used for pain related reasons. Fentanyl is used for pain management for cancer patients with constant pain, for pain management for those who can tolerate opioids, for people who need 24/7 pain care, and as an anesthesia for heart surgery patients. Most commonly it is provided as a patch that releases fentanyl into the bloodstream for up to 72 hours.
The problem is that fentanyl has now been widely abused. It has been produced more and more illegally so that it can be sold and used via snorting, injection, or by smoking it. It is stronger than heroin, making it a very serious and addictive drug. Sometimes it is even mixed with heroin or cocaine. The risk for overdose is extremely high. People become quickly addicted not just because they’re relieved of pain but also because of the difficulty feeling withdrawl post use.
Withdrawal can have a multitude of symptoms. Some of these include hot flashes, insomnia, anxiety, chills, goosebumps, dilated pupils, and feeling pain again. Tolerance also quickly increases with fentanyl use, making overdosing a constant risk. Signs of an overdose could be slow heartbeat, clammy/cold skin, trouble walking/talking, feeling faint/confused/dizzy, and unresponsiveness. An overdose is a medical emergency because the person can experience hypoxia. This means their brain is not getting enough oxygen. Naloxone is used to treat an overdose.
Treatment for addiction to fentanyl is comparable to that used for other opioids. It can range from and include some or all of the following: cognitive behavioral therapy, medication management such as methadone, inpatient care, group therapy, and other motivating tools to continue the deterrence and abstinence from using fentanyl. It only takes one time, one overdose gone too far, one highly potent batch, to possibly die from this drug. There are pros and cons to many pharmaceutical drugs, but in any case, abuse and misuse are dangerous and inevitable when there’s an entire dark side of the drug industry.
Coughing. Wheezing. Tight chest. Shortness of breath. These are the common symptoms of the air restriction condition called asthma. When the bronchial tubes become inflamed, the airway tightens and can fill with mucus. People experience different symptoms at different times and can go a long period without “attacks”. Some people only have asthma during exercise, others only when they have a cold, and others when their allergies are heightened. Triggers can include dust mites, cigarette smoke, molds, pollen, animal dander, and pollen. Asthma is common in people who have low levels of vitamins C, E, and omega 3 fatty acids. Extreme emotional states can also bring upon asthma.
Asthma attacks vary in severity. During a mild attack, the airway will open up and alleviate normally within a few minutes or up to an hour. A serious attack may require immediate emergency medical attention. An attack becomes especially dangerous when the lips start to turn blue and speech is difficult. Prevention of an attack is key as one starts to learn their body’s warning signs. Early warning signs include feeling short of breath, losing your breath quickly, coughing bouts (usually at night), mood changes, feeling more tired than normal, allergy symptoms such as a runny nose or sneezing, or when a peak flow meter reads low lung function (less than 50%).
Asthma affects up to 12% of children which makes it the leading chronic illness for young people. This number seems to be on the rise (the causes are unknown).
There are treatments for short and long-term relief. Most people with asthma can use an inhaler which serves as an anti-inflammatory. This is a type of steroid to reduce swelling and the build-up of mucus. Bronchodilators can help relax the muscles around the airway. Most people take these in the inhaler right before exercise. This can help reduce the likelihood of exercise-induced asthma. However, this is not to be used daily. Some people have difficulty using inhalers, such as children. For these people an asthma nebulizer can be used. This is a machine with a mouthpiece or that has a mask which can help the medicine be better inhaled.
The exact cause of asthma is unknown. The exact cure for asthma is also unknown. Learning what triggers an attack can be a learning process for someone. However, asthma should not deter someone from being physically active. Exercise indoors if air quality is poor. Always bring your inhaler. Don’t let your emotions get the best of you. Uncontrolled crying can impede breathing. Be sure to stop activity when you feel short of breath abnormally (not just from increasing your heart rate). Ask your doctor to help test you to discover what sets off your airways obstruction. When it comes to your health, inhale positivity and exhale negativity. Don’t let any obstruction get in the way of your progress.
Knuckle crackers have a bad habit of making this sound throughout the day. It seems like such a painless and even harmless action, but the constant repetition might take its toll on the joints. Luckily this habit does not affect or cause arthritis. The cracking or popping noise is produced from the negative pressure pulling nitrogen gas into the joint. This is the synovial fluid that lubricates the joints and makes a bubbling sound. The bubbles pop when you pull the bones apart. Another reason noise can occur is because the tendons are snapping over the tissues as their gliding paths are changing. As long as there is not pain when this noise is occurring, there is not any immediate problem. Even though mom and dad warned us not to crack or pop our knuckles, there has been no scientific proof that damage will result. What was once a defiant childhood activity, might stick and become a lifelong habit.
This is quite a popular compulsion as nearly 54% of the population does this. Males are frequent knuckle crackers and poppers. Even though it is a myth that knuckle cracking and popping will lead to arthritis, there may be other reasons to hang up the habit. This repetitive motion can lead to reduced hand grip strength. Eventually, over time, the joints do become stretched out and weakened. It can also lead to soft tissue swelling. The nature of cracking or popping the knuckles is what can be damaging. A person typically turns the knuckles sideways, pulls on the bones around the joints, or bends the fingers far forwards or backwards. Still most people don’t develop arthritis from this.
For some reason people seek the cracking and popping noise. This nuance might help relieve anxiety, reduce feelings of nervousness, be done out of excitement, a person might feel restless, or merely because of boredom. Some people feel a need to make this noise and eventually don’t even realize how often or when they are doing this. Kids might just like the funny noise.
Gas bubbles in the joints don’t need to be alleviated, but if some reason a person likes to excuse their knuckles and hear the sound, then no foul no harm. Our fingers do so much for us between writing, typing, well…. everything. Maintaining joint health is always important so if pooping or cracking the knuckles is associated with pain, then the habit should be left to rest. Inflammation is never a good idea. Little nuances and vices can sometimes be detrimental due to their repetitive nature, but for now, knuckle popping and cracking hasn’t made the negative list to avoid. However, we should always listen to mom and dad and pass down these traditions and rules to our own even if these fallacies are harmless.
Heartburn is a discomforting burning in the chest area. This feeling might occur every now and then for some people, while others might have reoccurring symptoms. Heart burn likes to present itself after eating, in the evening, and when lying down or bending over. Sometimes in addition to the chest pain, a bitter or acidic taste can result in the mouth.
The esophagus is the main location of heart burn. The role of the esophagus is to allow food and water to pass to the stomach. The muscles at the bottom of the esophagus relax so that food can flow downwards. Then the muscle re-tightens once the substance has made its way to the stomach. However, if this relaxation motion is not operating correctly, stomach acid can back up in the esophagus. This back up is referred to as “acid reflux” which causes the heart burning sensation. The backup worsens when lying down or bending over. Being overweight or pregnant can also increase the risk of heartburn.
For some victims, heart burn is reoccurring. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The lining of the esophagus can be greatly damaged and inflamed. A doctor can perform an X-ray, probe test, or endoscopy to diagnose GERD.
Food is a very common culprit of this condition. Particular aggravators include citrus, spicy foods, onions, fried foods, tomato products such as ketchup, alcohol, caffeine, carbonated drinks, and foods that are very high in fat. Knowing what foods are triggers can help sufferers avoid the burn, not eating late meals, not lying down after meals, maintaining a healthy weight, and keeping the head elevated when lying in bed, can all aid in easing symptoms. Sleeping on your left side and even eating cooked versus raw vegetables like onions are also lifestyle changes that can help. Sometimes momentary food and drink choices catch up to us later. Let your heart be on fire with emotions, not with an acidic type of burn.
Peanut butter and jelly sandwiches are an American favorite. They’re found countless lunchboxes of children at school. There is no exact origin, but soldiers during World War II ate them as one of their primary foods. Food was rationed and they could eat these sandwiches quickly. Peanut butter wasn’t invented until the 1920s, the first being Peter Pan and Skippy. For jelly, Grapelade was popular at the time. During the great depression, jelly hit the sweet tooth and peanut butter was a primary source of protein. The introduction of sliced bread at this time really made the sandwich popular. When soldiers came home from the War, they were surprised to see the popularity of the very sandwich they ate under dire circumstances. Whoever actually put these two ingredients together is unknown, but he or she has certainly put many smiles on many people’s faces and pleased many people’s taste buds.
This sandwich is sometimes called PB & J or in the UK and Canada it is called peanut butter and jam. Over the years people have added other ingredients such as raisins, honey, Nutella, or hazelnut. Marshmallows and bananas are also popular. The sandwich can have one or more layers of peanut butter, one or more layers of jelly, and even more than two slices of bread. Sometimes it is eaten open-faced or with one slice of bread. Sometimes it is eaten on crackers or rice cakes. Sometimes it is on a bagel. Some people even toast the bread. It really is a flexible food that can please almost anyone’s taste buds. It is a staple of American childhood, but many adults can’t help but love to eat them too.
It has been said that the average American eats 2,984 of these sandwiches in their lifetime. That’s a stack higher than the Statue of Liberty. It actually used to be a delicacy and high-end sandwich because peanuts were costly. Now they are a staple in most people’s homes. Pre-sliced bread was the game changer because children could start to make the sandwich themselves. They aren’t entirely bad for you and of course label reading when it comes to ingredients amongst the peanut butter, jelly, and type of bread is the key. They now even sell containers of jelly and peanut butter mixed together and frozen sandwiches. The food industry caters to our popular picks. Soggy or toasted, we like our peanut butter and jelly 😊 When was the last time you had one??
Genetics role in that number on the scale
There are a number of factors that influence obesity. These include behavioral choices, environmental circumstances, and genetics. Genes don’t always predict someone’s weight future, but science has shown that genetics play a role in obesity. Genes increase a person’s susceptibility to become overweight, but this is not an isolated causality due to behavior and environment.
Take for instance the number of people living in a certain environment with all the same living conditions. How is it so that in an environment that promotes inactivity and high calorie foods that not all of these people become obese?? Not all these people will have the same resulting health problems or body fat distribution. Even people in the same family, of the same race, and of the same ethnicity, will not all become obese given this environment. The diversity in body types leads one to believe that genetics do play a role in weight.
Genes are what instruct the body. They map out how the body will respond to a given environment. Genes dictate behaviors including a person’s choice to be sedentary, to overeat, and their metabolic functions. Genes tell the body how to store fat and how to use food for fuel as energy. Both hunger and food intake are associated with genes. For example, take two siblings or twins raised in very similar environments, still may not have the same body weight distribution.
For now, science does not have genetic testing which would determine one’s weight future. There is no science that shows a personal diet plan or exercise regimen will result in exact body types. Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) and Prader-Willi syndrome are the only two directly related obesity causing genetic factors. BBS is associated with increased body fat in the abdominal area, poor functioning kidneys, eyes, and genetelia, as well as intellectual impairment. Prader-Willi syndrome is associated with a constant desire to eat. This causes dangerous weight gain, stunted growth, and poor health. Research is still being performed on genetic response to weight gain. Knowing one’s family history won’t change the path to obesity, but lifestyle behavior and environment can be adjusted as a proactive and preventable method. For example, children of obese parents are more likely to become obese themselves due to their lifestyle and environment. Marketing has also become a strong influence for eating patterns.
The finger can’t be pointed at genetics alone for weight problems. However, we do know that even under exact circumstances, two bodies can react entirely different. The research is not entirely there YET, but hopefully in the near future we can have helpful answers to help fight the obesity epidemic.